山西商朝鳥形發飾青銅器之人首笄形器

發布時間：2026-03-25 17:01:28

如上圖
，山西出土的另一件人首笄形器，長16.5厘米，首寬4厘米。笄一端做正麵人像，盤發，頭頂有齒狀高冠。這件笄形器均為商代晚期“方國”青銅束發器，具有鮮明的方國文化特點。

所謂方國，指的是商代高於部落以上
、穩定的
、獨立的政治實體
，商代山西地區，尤其以晉北、jinxibeidiqufangguolinli，dadaxiaoxiaoshuyishiji，zhexiefangguodouyouzijixiangduidulidezhengzhijiegouheminzuxinyang
，guerzaiqiyongshenmeifangmian，yechengxianchugezibutongdetedian，xiguanshangwomenzongyi“pifawenshenlailijiegudaideshaoshuminzu，qishizheyangdexianxiangbingbushimeiyou，danfangzhufangguowenhua
，xianranbushiruci，congzheliangjianxingqiyijichutudeqitafangguoqingtongqiwulaikan，fangguowenhuabudanyijingfazhandaoleyigejiaogaodeshuiping
，erqieduiyuqihoujianqutongyidezhongyuanmeixuedexingchengyeqidaolefeichangzhongyaodezuoyong，keyishuo，wucaifenchengdefangguowenhuadejihetongyi，zhengshirihouzhonghuaminzumeixuesixiangdezuchengbufen。

“天命玄鳥
，降而生商”,商(shang)人(ren)把(ba)鳥(niao)作(zuo)為(wei)祖(zu)先(xian)崇(chong)拜(bai)，但(dan)商(shang)早(zao)期(qi)的(de)鳥(niao)的(de)形(xing)象(xiang)沒(mei)有(you)被(bei)完(wan)全(quan)神(shen)化(hua)，形(xing)象(xiang)接(jie)近(jin)於(yu)一(yi)般(ban)的(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)，無(wu)羽(yu)冠(guan)或(huo)羽(yu)冠(guan)較(jiao)小(xiao)。至(zhi)商(shang)末(mo)期(qi)，逐(zhu)漸(jian)出(chu)現(xian)了(le)帶(dai)花(hua)冠(guan)的(de)鳳(feng)鳥(niao)形(xing)象(xiang)。由(you)此(ci)可(ke)推(tui)斷(duan)，鳳(feng)首(shou)形(xing)器(qi)應(ying)為(wei)晚(wan)商(shang)之(zhi)器(qi)。在(zai)石(shi)樓(lou)縣(xian)桃(tao)花(hua)者(zhe)出(chu)土(tu)的(de)青(qing)銅(tong)雕(diao)琢(zhuo)工(gong)藝(yi)重(zhong)器(qi)以(yi)龍(long)形(xing)觥(gong)、雷紋斝、taotiewenweidaibiao。zhexieqiwudutedezaoxingyuhuawenzhuangshi

，yutongshiqidianxingdezhongyuanwenhuafenggexiangqubie
，tamenguishudeshanxishengshilouxiantaohuazhecunyizhijiushishangdaiwanqifangguowenhuaxilie。shangwenyishu，jinshilouxiankenengshiyinshangshiqiyilongsheweituteng“土方”或者“鬼方”。鳳首形器所飾的鳳鳥飛舞蜷曲，活潑生動，富有活力，不同於商代的威嚴肅穆其裝飾手法不拘一格，不同於常見的鳳鳥形象：鳳冠長於頭頂，向後揚起
；鳳(feng)首(shou)形(xing)器(qi)鳳(feng)鳥(niao)的(de)鳳(feng)冠(guan)與(yu)喙(hui)連(lian)接(jie)齊(qi)平(ping)，經(jing)頭(tou)頂(ding)
，彎(wan)曲(qu)延(yan)伸(shen)至(zhi)背(bei)部(bu)。這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)處(chu)理(li)
，可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)為(wei)了(le)適(shi)應(ying)形(xing)器(qi)的(de)器(qi)形(xing)，卻(que)也(ye)風(feng)格(ge)獨(du)具(ju)，活(huo)潑(po)自(zi)由(you)，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)極(ji)富(fu)生(sheng)命(ming)力(li)的(de)方(fang)國(guo)文(wen)化(hua)特(te)征(zheng)。