佛教裝飾的形態與手法

發布時間：2026-03-25 14:14:29

youyushoudaoduozhongyinsudeyingxiang，butongzongjiaodezhuangshizaixingtaitezhengshangyebujinxiangtong，dadaozongjiaojianzhudiyudexuanze，xiaodaoyixiezhuanyongwujiandesheji
，butongdezongjiaowangwangyoubutongdexuanze。jiunazongjiaojianzhulaishuo
，jidujiaodejiaotangwangwangxiuzhuyuxuanxiaodechengshizhongxinweizhi
，zheyuqijiaoyisuozhuzhangdeganyushisushehuiyijixifangzhengjiaoheyi，shenzhishenquanlingjiayuhuangquanyudelishishishimiqiexiangguan。erzhongguodefojiaozebutong，zaifojiaojiaoyizhongdezhenonghoudebishituosuqingxiang
，yincizaishikusiyuanjianzhudiyudexuanzeshang，duozhongyuqingyurenyanxishaodehuangshanyelin，zhurudatongdeyungangshiku、敦煌的莫高窟、天水的麥積山
、南京的棲霞山等，無不營建在遠離繁華城市的山林野地之中。在裝飾的具體形態上
，中國的石窟寺院裝飾主要以彩繪、石刻、泥塑、木雕以及金銀銅鑄、玉雕為主，彩繪主要用於建築內部壁麵用結構部件的裝飾，雕塑以佛像、菩薩像為主
，也有的惟浮雕形式替代壁畫的。還有許多是帶有綜合性能
，譬如在石胎外進行泥塑，再在外表施以彩繪等。

在zai佛fo教jiao裝zhuang飾shi的de影ying響xiang下xia
，一yi些xie世shi俗su的de非fei宗zong教jiao專zhuan用yong的de器qi物wu裝zhuang飾shi也ye不bu同tong程cheng度du地di體ti現xian出chu一yi定ding的de宗zong教jiao性xing
，如ru在zai一yi些xie日ri用yong陶tao瓷ci器qi上shang就jiu常chang見jian飾shi以yi諸zhu如ru蓮lian花hua

、忍冬、獅
、象以及八寶等佛教中具有象征意義的內容，然而直接以佛做裝飾的卻很少，以佛教故事（佛本身入事和佛傳故事等）做裝飾的就更少了。

從(cong)中(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教(jiao)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)手(shou)法(fa)來(lai)看(kan)，彩(cai)繪(hui)壁(bi)畫(hua)和(he)雕(diao)塑(su)並(bing)非(fei)佛(fo)教(jiao)傳(chuan)入(ru)我(wo)國(guo)後(hou)才(cai)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)

，在(zai)漢(han)代(dai)之(zhi)前(qian)就(jiu)已(yi)有(you)之(zhi)，然(ran)而(er)將(jiang)這(zhe)些(xie)工(gong)藝(yi)推(tui)到(dao)極(ji)致(zhi)，卻(que)與(yu)佛(fo)教(jiao)的(de)興(xing)起(qi)與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)有(you)著(zhe)密(mi)切(qie)的(de)關(guan)係(xi)。所(suo)謂(wei)彩(cai)繪(hui)壁(bi)畫(hua)，是(shi)指(zhi)以(yi)手(shou)繪(hui)的(de)方(fang)式(shi)在(zai)石(shi)窟(ku)或(huo)寺(si)院(yuan)內(nei)的(de)壁(bi)麵(mian)上(shang)繪(hui)飾(shi)以(yi)各(ge)種(zhong)與(yu)佛(fo)教(jiao)有(you)關(guan)的(de)或(huo)純(chun)粹(cui)的(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)內(nei)容(rong)。其(qi)製(zhi)作(zuo)程(cheng)序(xu)大(da)致(zhi)如(ru)下(xia)：首先是做底
，即做牆麵，早在我國佛教裝飾興起的漢化
，多以“胡粉塗壁

，青紫界之”，zaoqidefoshikuduoyongcunichanmaijieheweihuangtuzuodizi，chuijinyaping，bimianduojiaocucao。suitangshiqihaizainizhongchanrumajinzhilei，wantangdeshikubimianhaituyibobodeshihui，youdehaizaidiercengjiarujiaohesha
，zuodigongyiyerijianjiangjiu。dizizuohaohoujiukeyizaishangmianyongmaobihuihuale
，yibanxianyongzhusegouchuyanggao
，zaiyongheisexiuzheng
，zuihouzhesewancheng。bihuazhuyaocaigouxianpingtudebiaoxianshoufa，yincihuamianjuyoujiaoqiangdezhuangshigan。

zaidiaosudeshoufazhong，caisushiwoguoshikuyishuzhongdujutesedeshoufa，chuchuncuinisuwai
，shitainisucaihuiyouhenfuchuangzaoxing。youyuwoguodeshikuyoudeshikaizaozailishishangde，shuyushuichengzimuyanlei，shizhisongsui，buyijingdiaoxizao，yinciminjianyishujiamenbianzailishitaiwaicaiyongnisuzhuangluan，yinie、塑、貼、壓
、削、刻等傳統泥塑技法進行塑造，創造出了豐富多樣的佛像和浮雕式的壁麵裝飾

，然後再用點、染

、刷、塗
、描等手法彩華完成。